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Showing posts from June, 2012

Campus Andrews University

aerial view of andrews university, 2006 andrews university located in village of berrien springs in southwest michigan. campus adjacent st. joseph river , 12 miles (19 km) away shores of lake michigan. south bend, indiana, home of university of notre dame, 25 miles (40 km) away; thus, andrews faculty members hold joint appointments notre dame. the 1,600-acre (6.5 km) campus officially designated arboretum. campus maintains variety of indigenous trees, around quad in center of campus. campus composed of 27 instructional buildings, howard performing arts center, airpark, 4 single-sex residence halls , 4 apartment complexes. the 4 dormitories on campus lamson hall, undergraduate women s hall, damazo hall, graduate women s hall, meier hall, undergraduate men s hall, , burman hall, men either graduate or seminary students. residence halls strictly enforce curfew depending on student s age, visitation policy not allow students of opposite sex in dorm rooms @ time. students livi...

Formation and early days .282006.E2.80.932009.29 Tria Mera

the original lineup. (left right) scott moss. mike radeck, juz cook, matt mcrae, ian konrad the formation of tria mera goes 2006 guitarist juz cook , drummer matt mcrae started jamming in cairns, australia. after many months of playing together, had full lineup , setlist, metal covers, ready hit local live scene under name deadrise. played 3 shows , featured on channel 9 local news before juz offered join echoed silence, established band. while echoed silence juz s new full-time band, , matt continued jam , write on side, later pulling metal cover band started few more shows. became evident make anywhere in industry need relocate bigger city. matt moved brisbane in 2008, , juz left echoed silence , followed in 2009. there many months of rehearsing new material before found new bandmates. scott moss, formerly of brisbane metal band minus life, became band s first frontman. shortly followed mike radeck on bass, , ian konrad on guitar. lineup finalised in april, 2010, officially named tri...

Filmography Mikijirō Hira

1 filmography 1.1 film 1.2 television 1.3 theater 1.4 dubbing roles filmography film television theater antony , cleopatra cyrano de bergerac faust hamlet iliad king lear macbeth medea the merchant of venice ninagawa macbeth oedipus rex othello richard iii rokumeikan the tempest the threepenny opera twelfth night the winter s tale dubbing roles atlantis: lost empire (2001) – king kashekim nedakh ^ cite error: named reference moribito invoked never defined (see page). ^ cite error: named reference cain invoked never defined (see page).

Bibliography Mikhail Bulgakov

1 bibliography 1.1 novels , short story collections 1.2 theatre 1.3 biography bibliography novels , short story collections the white guard (1926, translation 2008) great soviet short stories (1962) the master , margarita (1967) black snow (1967) a dead man s memoir: theatrical novel (1967) heart of dog (1968) a country doctor s notebook (1975) diaboliad , other stories (1990) the terrible news: russian stories years following revolution (1990) notes on cuff & other stories(1991) the fatal eggs , other soviet satire, 1918–1963 (1993) theatre the plays of mikhail bulgakov, 1990 peace plays: two, 1990 zoyka s apartment: tragic farce in 3 acts, 1991 six plays, 1991 biography life of m. de molière, 1962

Ashraf Karim List of EastEnders characters (1987)

ashraf karim, played aftab sachak, moves walford in 1987 run first til last grocery store. next year, wife sufia (rani singh), , children shireen (nisha kapur) , sohail (ronnie jhutti) join him. karims keep themselves, , don t mix local of walford. however, secretly ashraf continues have affair long term mistress, stella. sufia finds out , threatens leave, ashraf promises affair over. romance restarts, , family of jabbar ahmed (ashraf s arranged future son-in-law) see ashraf stella, , call off wedding. family in disgrace, ashraf decides move family bristol. karims last appearance in june 1990.

Rahway Valley Railroad 1904.E2.80.931986 Rahway Valley Railroad

view of rahway valley railroad @ summit circa 1910 rvrr bridge on rahway river louis keller, founder of baltusrol golf club, dissatisfied transportation golf club on rough dirt roads existed in union county, new jersey in 1900s. further frustrated efforts of new orange industrial association, , 2 railroads ny&no , nofj, build rail line kenilworth summit. keller became involved project called cross county railroad in 1903 in invested, project went bust. decided take matters own hands , form rahway valley railroad on july 18, 1904. not being experienced in managing , building railroads, keller became associated nofj president william w. cole , brought him on rvrr president, nofj , rvrr consolidated on march 1, 1905. through efforts of keller , cole line extended summit in 1906, denied access connect delaware, lackawanna, , western railroad in summit. on next twenty-five years court battles ensue on connection before 1 made in 1931. in 1909, lower costs, keller created lessee compan...

Trial of the prime minister Nawaz Sharif

the military placed him on military trial kidnapping, attempted murder, hijacking , terrorism , corruption . military court convicted him in speedy trial , gave him life sentence. report began surface military court near give sharif death sentence, had done military court in trial of zulfikar ali bhutto. sharif placed in adiala jail, infamous hosting zulfikar ali bhutto s trial, , leading defence lawyer, iqbal raad, gunned down in karachi in mid-march. sharif s defence team blamed military intentionally providing lawyers inadequate protection. military court proceedings accused of being show trial. sources pakistan claimed musharraf , military government s officers in full mood exercise tough conditions on sharif trial went fast , speedy, , became authenticated court near place verdict on nawaz sharif on charges, , court sentence sharif death. sharif set face case of corruption , , received 14 years life imprisonment additional. sharif forced pay us$400,000. case centred on civilian ...

Economical effects of tests Nawaz Sharif

after weeks of anticipation, pakistan surprised world conducting own nuclear tests. sharif s popularity in pakistan increased. while being hailed nationalist, sharif proclaimed emergency on same day these nuclear tests conducted, dismayed public. foreign currency accounts in pakistani banks frozen minimise effects of economic sanctions. detrimental account holders. he put pakistan armed forces on high alert defend country s nuclear installations. justified tests on national security grounds, demonstrated pakistan s nuclear deterrent capabilities against armed indian nuclear programme. under premiership, pakistan became first muslim country , seventh nation become nuclear power.

Downingtown Pennsylvania Route 282

pennsylvania route 282 alternate truck route goes through downingtown bypassing weight-restricted bridge on east branch brandywine creek in trucks on 30 tons , combination loads on 40 tons prohibited. follows pa 113, 30, , norwood road. route runs 4 miles in length , signed in 2013.

Iowa State, Georgia and Cornell Pop Warner

1 iowa state, georgia , cornell 1.1 iowa state 1.2 georgia 1.3 cornell 1.3.1 return cornell iowa state, georgia , cornell in spring of 1895, warner asked reference fill vacant head coaching position @ iowa state university, in ames, iowa. instead of giving reference, warner himself applied job , received offer $25 (approximately $670 in 2016) week. @ same time, decided apply other schools , received offer of $34 (approximately $915 in 2016) per week university of georgia in athens, georgia. because iowa state began season in august—almost 1 , half months prior beginning in georgia, warner able work out deal. $150 (approximately $4,000 in 2016), coach in iowa august until second week of september; , head georgia , begin coaching there. iowa state ultimately, not did warner end coaching @ iowa state before time @ georgia; while in athens, received weekly updates iowa , sent telegraphs detailed advice following week. 1 story recounts in middle of september (just before leaving georgia), w...

Evangelization Approaches Couples for Christ

1 evangelization approaches 1.1 christian life program revised 1.2 ancop 1.3 ablaze communications evangelization approaches christian life program revised in 2014, update of christian life program has been released reflect cfc explicitly catholic, global, , devotedly marian. ancop ancop stands answering cry of poor. umbrella program made purpose of consolidating cfc s efforts in building church of poor, social outreach undertaking. shelter-building poor , child-education sponsorship among dominant sub-programs. aspects affecting society being addressed through ancop program, such health, education, livelihood , community development activities. as social outreach program, ancop involves sectors such migrants , families, uniformed personnel, in prison, , environment stakeholders. through ancop, sub-organizations cooperatives , mini-programs cornerstone have materialized. ablaze communications ablaze communications, or ablaze registered subsidiary of couples christ. involved in prod...

Variants Pegasus Quik

mainair pegasus quik quik 912s executive version circa 2003 powered rotax 912uls engine of 74.5 kw (100 hp) , using conventional cable-braced wing kingpost. maximum gross weight of 409 kg (902 lb) , cruise speed of 132 km/h (82 mph). quik 2012 production version rotax 912uls engine of 74.5 kw (100 hp), strut-braced topless wing, maximum gross weight of 409 kg (902 lb) , cruise speed of 129 km/h (80 mph). quikr 2012 production version, designed faster 8.45 m (27.7 ft) span, strut-braced topless wing of 11.43 m (123.0 sq ft) wing area. gross weight of 450 kg (992 lb), rotax 912uls engine of 74.5 kw (100 hp), topless wing , cruise speed of 161 km/h (100 mph). stall speed 64 km/h (40 mph).

Civil rights Criminal law in the Waite Court

in united states v. cruikshank (1875), court overturned conviction under civil rights crime statute, holding first , second amendment not incorporated against states , fourteenth amendment applied state action. in united states v. reese (1875), court overturned civil rights conviction depriving african-americans of right vote, holding statute void vagueness applied voter suppression. in united states v. harris (1883), known ku klux case, court invalidated unconstitutional civil rights crime statute applied conspiracies deprive state-law rights , privileges. but, in united states v. gale (1883), court upheld statute punished state officers misconduct in federal congressional elections. and, in united states v. waddell (1884), court upheld criminal civil rights law applied rights of homesteaders. in ex parte virginia (1880) , ex parte siebold (1879), court held civil rights crime statute valid exercise of congress s power under thirteenth , fourteenth amendments. in ku klux cases (1884),...

Soil Fertilizer

1 soil 1.1 acidification 1.2 accumulation of toxic elements 1.2.1 cadmium 1.2.2 fluoride 1.2.3 radioactive elements 1.2.4 other metals 1.3 trace mineral depletion 1.4 changes in soil biology soil acidification nitrogen-containing fertilizers can cause soil acidification when added. may lead decreases in nutrient availability may offset liming. accumulation of toxic elements cadmium the concentration of cadmium in phosphorus-containing fertilizers varies considerably , can problematic. example, mono-ammonium phosphate fertilizer may have cadmium content of low 0.14 mg/kg or high 50.9 mg/kg. because phosphate rock used in manufacture can contain as 188 mg/kg cadmium (examples deposits on nauru , christmas islands). continuous use of high-cadmium fertilizer can contaminate soil (as shown in new zealand) , plants. limits cadmium content of phosphate fertilizers has been considered european commission. producers of phosphorus-containing fertilizers select phosphate rock based ...

Organisation Institute for Research in Biomedicine

1 organisation 1.1 board of trustees 1.2 executive board 1.3 external advisory board (eab) organisation from board of trustees, executive board , external advisory board downwards, irb barcelona structured in 3 large areas: research programmes cell , developmental biology: gene expression analyses, developmental molecular biology, cell biology, functional genomics , proteomics of cell , embryo development, , tissue regeneration. structural , computational biology: structural analysis of macromolecules , interactions using x-rays, nmr, electron microscopy, macromolecular biophysics, bioinformatics , molecular modeling. molecular medicine: translational research molecular bases of metabolic , genetic diseases, study of diagnostic or therapeutic targets , functional genomics , proteomics of diseases. chemistry , molecular pharmacology: design , synthesis of small molecules , macromolecules, emphasizing building of libraries , optimisation of production of synthetic compounds; development ...

History Solid state ionics

1 history 1.1 foundations 1.2 first theories , applications 1.3 ionic conductivity in silver halides 1.4 point defects in ionic crystals 1.5 other types of disorder 1.5.1 ionic glasses 1.5.2 polymer electrolytes 1.5.3 nanostructures history foundations michael faraday in 1842 in 1830s, michael faraday laid foundations of electrochemistry , solid-state ionics discovering motion of ions in liquid , solid electrolytes. earlier, around 1800, alessandro volta used liquid electrolyte in voltaic pile, first electrochemical battery, failed realize ions involved in process. meanwhile, in work on decomposition of solutions electric current, faraday used not ideas of ion, cation, anion, electrode, anode, cathode, electrolyte , electrolysis, present-day terms them. faraday associated electric current in electrolyte motion of ions, , discovered ions can exchange charges electrode while transformed elements electrolysis. quantified processes 2 laws of electrolysis. first law (1832) stated mass of pr...

Technique and legacy Oscar Nemon

graves of oscar nemon (left) , son falcon stuart (right) @ wootton, vale of white horse, oxfordshire his technique depended on modelling life directly in clay, making many small studies no preliminary drawings. produced works in clay (often fired terracotta), plaster, , stone, of finished works cast bronze, @ morris singer art foundry or @ burleighfield art foundry (now merged). his house , studio, pleasant land, remained closed 17 years after death. reopened in 2003 museum of life s work, exhibiting many studies , models finished works. houses archive of papers. other papers, relating sculptures of winston churchill , margaret thatcher, held churchill archives centre in cambridge.

Physical geography Góis

a (1910) photograph of historical administrative buildings of municipal seat the municipality of góis situated 40 kilometres (25 mi) in coimbra, in deep, narrow valley of ceira, between mountains of carvalhal , rabadão. municipality limited in north municipality of arganil, east pampilhosa da serra, southwest pedrógão grande , castanheira de pera, west lousã , northwest vila nova de poiares. the mountains of penedo de góis, part of serra da lousã (lousã mountains), @ height of 1,043 metres (3,422 ft), have accentuated orography many climatic differences; lousã represents end of southwest-central cordillera, elevations between 800 metres (2,600 ft) , 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) above sea level, accentuated slopes (resulting in steep cliffs inaccessible) on northern flanks , gentle in south influenced atlantic , mediterranean weather systems. the environment resulted in diverse vegetation, includes holm oaks (quercus rotundifolia) in dry, sunny regions; , english oak (quer...

Gameplay Forza Motorsport 5

forza motorsport 5 features both fictional , real-world tracks. here ferrari f12 berlinetta races @ circuit de spa-francorchamps. the game ships 200 cars on 50 manufacturers , 17 circuits including spa, bathurst, yas marina, , circuit de la sarthe. there monthly car packs including 10 cars each available buy downloadable content (dlc) first 8 months after game s launch. possibility of tracks, such nürburgring, being available purchase dlc after game s launch considered, instead turn 10 studios has released new tracks free content users, including road america in february 2014, long beach in april 2014 , nürburgring in june 2014. on september 4, 2013, bathurst confirmed. on september 26, silverstone circuit , fictional swiss alps racetrack confirmed carried on forza 4. a pre-e3 teaser video released featuring in game footage featuring races cars such ferrari f12berlinetta , pagani huayra. at e3 2013, first-hand gameplay, new features, , cars in forza vista mode shown. @ event, reveale...

International career Lieke Martens

martens playing in uefa women s euro 2013 martens top scorer of 2010 u-19 euro, tied @ 4 goals turid knaak. in august 2011 played first game senior national team, in friendly match against china. in june 2013, national team coach roger reijners selected martens in netherlands squad uefa women s euro 2013 in sweden. scored netherlands first ever world cup goal @ 2015 fifa women s world cup in canada. martens scored 3 goals in netherlands victorious 2017 uefa women s euro campaign. martens won golden ball, awarded player of tournament, performances in tournament. international goals scores , results list netherlands goal tally first.

Reservoirs List of lakes in Pope County, Arkansas

^ galla creek lake . geographic names information system. united states geological survey.  ^ galla creek wildlife lake . geographic names information system. united states geological survey.  ^ galla watershed site 1 reservoir . geographic names information system. united states geological survey.  ^ jones lake . geographic names information system. united states geological survey.  ^ lake atkins . geographic names information system. united states geological survey.  ^ lake irvin . geographic names information system. united states geological survey.  ^ lake russellville . geographic names information system. united states geological survey.  ^ lake vinson . geographic names information system. united states geological survey.  ^ lake yarbrough . geographic names information system. united states geological survey.  ^ west fork point remove creek site 10 reservoir . geographic names information system. united states geological sur...

UAB 2007 Michigan State Spartans football team

date: september 1 location: spartan stadium east lansing, mi game start: 12:02 pm est elapsed time: 3:22 game attendance: 67,796 game weather: 72°f, wind: 3 mph ssw, sunny referee: ron tolbert tv announcers (espn2): pam ward (play-by-play) ray bentley (analyst) quint kessenich (sideline)

Aerial shooting Wolf hunting

an-2 on skis @ volosovo air field, moscow. 1 of used models in ussr s wolf management programmes aerial shooting involves tracking of wolves via small airplane or helicopter , considered many effective method of wolf control. used in soviet union during wolf control campaigns, starting in 1946 when chief directorate of aviation received reports pilots flying @ low altitudes saw wolves. polikarpov po-2s , antonov an-2s used models. normal protocol pilot search frontally, , shooter sideways. 70%-80% of wolves first sighted pilot. rocket guns fired dense brush in order scare wolves out open. markers thrown @ site of each kill later collection. actual shooting done rear cockpit or left side when @ distance of 18–20 metres quarry. experienced shooter spot standing wolf kilometre away @ heights of 100–140 metres. wolves killed when planes flew @ speeds of 70 85 km/h. load limit of po-2 2 men , 5 adult wolves; rear cockpit hold 4 wolves, while shooter s cockpit hold 2, or carcas...

Breeding record Reine de Saba

^ mare produce records- sirya . equineline.com. jockey club information systems, inc.  missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help) ^ timeform staff (1985). racehorses of 1984. timeform. isbn 0-900599-40-5.  ^ egyptband - record race type . racing post.  ^ never black - statistics . equibase.com. 

Life before founding of Northern Wei Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei

1 life before founding of northern wei 1.1 birth , childhood 1.2 adolescence 1.3 alternative version life before founding of northern wei birth , childhood according official accounts, tuoba gui born in 371, after father tuoba shi (拓拔寔), son , heir apparent tuoba shiyijian prince of dai, had died earlier in year injury suffered when protecting tuoba shiyijian assassination attempt general baba jin (拔拔斤). mother tuoba shi s wife heiress apparent helan, daughter of powerful tribal chief , dai vassal helian yegan (賀蘭野干). tuoba shiyijian, while mourning son s death, pleased grandson s birth, , declared general pardon in state , named child tuoba shegui. (other reference naming @ birth, however, name shegui scantily mentioned in historical accounts of rest of life, , presumably shortened gui simplicity.) around new year 377, former qin launched major attack against dai. tuoba shiyijian temporarily fled capital yunzhong (雲中, in modern hohhot, inner mongolia), returned yunzhong after form...

Career Richard James Wilkinson

1 career 1.1 straits settlements civil service 1.2 officer administrating s.s. government 1.3 departure singapore 1.4 career summary career straits settlements civil service wilkinson arrived in singapore in 1889 , government gazette of 6th december year noted messrs. littleton edward pipe wolferstan , richard james wilkinson (who reported arrival in colony on 3rd instant) have been appointed cadets [in straits settlements civil service] . in december 1895, wilkinson, district officer in malay states , considered well-versed in native language, joined foreign office. rejoined colonial civil service , acting superintendent of education @ penang, after which, end of march 1897, became police magistrate @ singapore. january 1899, wilkinson serving acting inspector of schools. in april 1907, book, malay beliefs released. abridged malay-english dictionary (romanised) released in august 1908. @ time serving assistant resident of perak. in 1911 colonial secretary straits settlements , offic...

School site St Joseph's College, Stoke-on-Trent

the school has extensive program of rooms , labs, biggest sc2 , sc6 in science wing. new science wing added old building, forming quadrangle in centre of school, contains heart-shaped pond overlooked statue of virgin mary, marking end of second millennium. statue of edmund rice located outside year 7 corridor. the sixth form centre until 2008 housed separately rest of school in grade ii listed building, until 2001 home congregation of christian brothers founded school. since departure school premises in summer of 2001, brothers house has undergone extensive renovations. from september 2008 onwards, stone house further down a34 road towards hanford took brother s house s place sixth form centre.

History College of Saints John Fisher & Thomas More

1 history 1.1 founding 1.2 expansion , recognition 1.3 crisis , closing history founding on december 26, 1981, group of parishioners of st. patrick cathedral in fort worth founded saint thomas more institute in order establish in fort worth roman catholic liberal arts college devoted teaching , learning within tradition of catholic arts , letters . james patrick, theology professor, , ronald muller, former dean of students @ university of dallas, started informal program called common tradition curriculum in 1982, short courses in philosophy, theology, , literature offered under auspices of institute. expansion , recognition in 1985, institute moved permanent building on mérida street in fort worth, near texas christian university (tcu). during year, common tradition curriculum had 75 students. expansion continued, curriculum associate of arts degree developed, , in 1989, institute granted authorization texas higher education coordinating board. during time, overseas study programs ...

Professional career Paul George

1 professional career 1.1 indiana pacers (2010–2017) 1.1.1 pre-draft , rookie season 1.1.2 2011–12 season 1.1.3 2012–13 season 1.1.4 2013–14 season 1.1.5 2014–15 season 1.1.6 2015–16 season 1.1.7 2016–17 season 1.2 oklahoma city thunder (2017–present) professional career indiana pacers (2010–2017) pre-draft , rookie season on march 31, 2010, george announced forgo final 2 seasons of college eligibility @ fresno state , enter 2010 nba draft. made first appearance on 2010 mock draft on draft express month sophomore season. may 2010, mock drafts such draft express, espn.com, , hoops report predicted george selected 12th overall memphis grizzlies. 2 days before draft, marc j. spears yahoo! sports wrote article anonymous eastern conference scout stating in 5 years, paul george best player come out of draft . hoping draft derrick favors, pacers had discussed draft trade nets have sent danny granger , 10th pick nets devin harris, yi jianlian , 3rd overall pick, deal fell through. george invi...

References Tilly (vehicle)

bibliography robertson, bruce (1983) wheels of raf - vehicles of flying services through 2 world wars (patrick stephens ltd, cambridge, isbn 0-85059-624-6) shackleton, mike (2010) tilly colours vanderveen, bart (1989) historic military vehicles directory (battle of britain prints international ltd, isbn 0-900913-57-6)

Types of tourbillon Tourbillon

1 types of tourbillon 1.1 double-axis tourbillon 1.2 double , quadruple tourbillons 1.3 triple-axis tourbillon 1.4 flying tourbillon types of tourbillon double-axis tourbillon anthony randall s double axis tourbillon installed in carriage clock. anthony randall invented double-axis tourbillon in january 1977 , subsequently patented it. first working example later constructed richard in 1978. in 1980 anthony randall made double-axis tourbillon in carriage clock, located in (now closed) time museum in rockford, illinois, us, , included in catalogue of chronometers. in 2003, inspired invention, young german watchmaker thomas prescher developed thomas prescher haute horlogerie first flying double-axis tourbillon in pocket watch and, in 2004, first flying double-axis tourbillon constant force in carriage in wristwatch. shown @ baselworld 2003 , 2004 in basel, switzerland. a characteristic of tourbillon turns around 2 axes, both of rotate once per minute. whole tourbillon powered special con...

Jewish views Binding of Isaac

mosaic on floor of beth alpha depicting akedah the majority of jewish religious commentators argue god testing abraham see if kill own son, test of loyalty. however, number of jewish biblical commentators medieval era, , many in modern era, read text in way. the rabbinic midrash genesis rabbah imagines god saying never considered telling abraham slaughter isaac (using hebrew root letters slaughter , not sacrifice ) . rabbi yona ibn janach (spain, 11th century) wrote god demanded symbolic sacrifice. rabbi yosef ibn caspi (spain, 14th century) wrote abraham s imagination led him astray, making him believe had been commanded sacrifice son. ibn caspi writes how god command such revolting thing? however, according joseph hertz, chief rabbi of british empire, child sacrifice rife among semitic peoples , suggests in age, astounding abraham s god should have interposed prevent sacrifice, not should have asked it. hertz interprets akedah demonstrating jews human sacrifice abhorrent. ...

Species Orania (plant)

^ cite error: named reference iohohohohjojoasf80wjfiajsfd invoked never defined (see page). ^  grin. species in grin genus orania . taxonomy plants. national germplasm resources laboratory, beltsville, maryland: usda, ars, national genetic resources program. retrieved may 21, 2011.  ^   name - orania zipp. subordinate taxa . tropicos. saint louis, missouri: missouri botanical garden. retrieved may 21, 2011. 

Uses Circumflex

1 uses 1.1 phonetic marker 1.1.1 pitch 1.1.2 length 1.1.3 stress 1.1.4 vowel quality 1.1.5 other articulatory features 1.2 abbreviation, contraction, , disambiguation 1.2.1 english 1.2.2 french 1.2.3 italian 1.2.4 norwegian 1.3 mathematics 1.4 music uses phonetic marker pitch the circumflex has origins in polytonic orthography of ancient greek, marked long vowels pronounced high , falling pitch. in similar vein, circumflex today used mark tone contour in international phonetic alphabet. the shape of circumflex combination of acute , grave accents (^), marked syllable contracted 2 vowels: acute-accented vowel , non-accented vowel (all non-accented syllables in ancient greek once marked grave accent). later variant similar tilde (~) used. the term circumflex used describe similar tonal accents result combining 2 vowels in related languages such sanskrit , latin. since modern greek has stress accent instead of pitch accent, circumflex has been replaced acute accent in modern monotonic o...