Aftermath Third Crusade

the levant in 1200, after third , german (1197) crusades

neither side entirely satisfied results of war. though richard s victories had deprived muslims of important coastal territories , re-established viable frankish state in palestine, many christians in latin west felt disappointed had elected not pursue recapture of jerusalem. likewise, many in islamic world felt disturbed saladin had failed drive christians out of syria , palestine. trade flourished, however, throughout middle east , in port cities along mediterranean coastline.

saladin s scholar , biographer baha al-din recounted saladin s distress @ successes of crusaders:

fear make peace, not knowing may become of me. our enemy grow strong, have retained these lands. come forth recover rest of lands , see every 1 of them ensconced on hill-top, meaning in castle, having announced, “i shall stay put” , muslims ruined. these words , came said.

richard arrested , imprisoned in december 1192 leopold v, duke of austria, suspected richard of murdering leopold s cousin conrad of montferrat. leopold had been offended richard casting down standard walls of acre. later transferred custody of henry vi, holy roman emperor, , took ransom of 1 hundred , fifty thousand marks obtain release. richard returned england in 1194 , died of crossbow bolt wound in 1199 @ age of 41.

in 1193, saladin died of yellow fever. heirs quarrel on succession , fragment conquests.

henry of champagne killed in accidental fall in 1197. queen isabella married fourth time, amalric of lusignan, had succeeded brother guy, positioned king of cyprus. after deaths in 1205, eldest daughter maria of montferrat (born after father s murder) succeeded throne of jerusalem.

richard s decision not attack jerusalem lead call fourth crusade 6 years after third ended in 1192. however, richard s victories facilitated survival of wealthy crusader kingdom centred on acre. historian thomas f. madden summarises achievements of third crusade:

...the third crusade measure highly successful expedition. of saladin s victories in wake of hattin wiped away. crusader kingdom healed of divisions, restored coastal cities, , secured in peace greatest enemy. although had failed reclaim jerusalem, richard had put christians of levant on feet again.

accounts of events surrounding third crusade written anonymous authors of itinerarium peregrinorum et gesta regis ricardi (a.k.a. itinerarium regis ricardi), old french continuation of william of tyre (parts of attributed ernoul), , ambroise, roger of howden, ralph of diceto, , giraldus cambrensis.